KEBERADAAN DAN TINGKAT SERANGAN Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii PENYEBAB LAYU DAN HAWAR DAUN STEWART PADA TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) DI SUMATER

ABSTRAK

Penelitian mengenai “Keberadaan dan Tingkat Serangan Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii Penyebab Layu dan Hawar daun Stewart pada Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.) di Sumatera Barat” telah dilaksanakan di dua daerah sentra produksi tanaman jagung, yaitu di Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan dan Lima Puluh Kota, serta Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, dan Rumah Kawat Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Andalas Limau Manih, Padang. Penelitian dimulai dari bulan November 2009 sampai Januari 2010. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi keberadaan penyakit layu dan hawar daun Stewart yang disebabkan oleh Pnss, dan tingkat serangannya di sentra produksi jagung di Sumatera Barat.
Penelitian menggunakan metode multiple stage sampling, berdasarkan sentra produksi jagung, sehingga terpilih lokasi pengambilan sampel di Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan, Kecamatan Lunang Silaut, Nagari Lunang dan Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota, Kecamatan Munka, Nagari Koto Tuo. Jumlah lahan sampel pada masing-masing nagari adalah 20% dan tanaman jagung dan tanaman jagung pada fase vegetatif (5 dan 7 minggu). Pada masing-masing lahan diambil sampel tanaman jagung secara diagonal, selanjutnya dari masing-masing sampel tanaman jagung yang terinfeksi diisolasi dan diidentifikasi patogen penyebab penyakit. Parameter yang diamati dilapangan adalah kondisi pertanaman jagung, persentase tanaman terserang, persentase daun terserang, dan intensitas serangan. Sedangkan di laboratorium diamati sifat morfologi koloni, fisiologi dan patogenisitas isolat Pnss.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pnss sudah diidentifikasi keberadaannya di Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan dan Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota dan diperoleh 15 isolat. Tingkat serangan Pnss pada tanaman jagung fase vegetatif di dua lokasi tergolong sangat ringan dengan intensitas serangan 3,33 dan 6,64 %.


Presence and levels ATTACK
Pantoea stewartii subsp. CAUSE stewartii Stewart's wilt and leaf blight on maize
(Zea mays L.) in West Sumatra


ABSTRACT

Research on "The presence and level of attack Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii causes Stewart's wilt and leaf blight in Maize (Zea mays L.) in West Sumatra "was conducted in two maize producing areas, namely in the South Coastal District and Fifty-Cities, and the Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, and Wire houses the Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University Limau Manih, Padang. The research was started from November 2009 until January 2010. The purpose of this study is to identify the presence of disease Stewart's wilt and leaf blight caused by Pnss, and the level of attacks on corn production centers in West Sumatra.
Research using multiple stage sampling method, based on corn production centers, so that the selected sampling locations in the South Coastal District, District Lunang Silaut, Nagari Lunang and regency, district Munka, Nagari Koto Tuo. Amount of land in each sample village is 20% and maize and corn crops in the vegetative phase (5 and 7 weeks). In each area of maize samples taken diagonally, then from each sample of infected maize plants were isolated and identified pathogens that cause disease. Parameters observed in the field is the condition of corn, the percentage of plants attacked, the percentage of infected leaves, and intensity of attacks. While the morphological characteristics observed in laboratory colonies, physiology and pathogenicity of isolates Pnss.
The results showed that Pnss already identified its presence in the South Coastal District and the regency, and obtained 15 isolates. Pnss attack rates in the vegetative phase of maize at two sites classified as very light with intensity of 6.64% and 3.33.